Immunodeficiency

Introduction

The immune system protects the body from infections. When it is not functioning properly, it may be due to a primary immunodeficiency, also known as an inborn error of immunity. There are more than 450 primary immunodeficiency diseases. In each of these diseases, the body’s immune system is not functioning well enough to prevent infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. Some of these disorders present in early childhood and others can present at any age. People who have primary immunodeficiency diseases will be more susceptible to infection throughout their entire life. However, with appropriate care from a board-certified allergist, people with immunodeficiency can live independent and full lives. A wonderful source of information and support is the Immunodeficiency Foundation.

When should you suspect an immunodeficiency?

According to the Immunodeficiency Foundation, you should be suspicious if you have an infection that is:

• Severe – required hospitalization or intravenous antibiotics
• Persistent – won’t completely clear up or clears very slowly
• Recurrent – keeps coming back
• Runs in the family – others in the family have had a similar susceptibility to infection.

Treatment of primary immunodeficiency disease

Research in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency has made much progress. Your board–certified allergist will follow you very carefully, and be available at all times should you develop the early signs of any infection. There are multiple treatment options including antibiotics and antifungal therapy, as well as replacement immunoglobulin (antibody).